Glasgow City Council Agenda - 29 October 2026, 11:00 
A meeting to be held at City Chambers, Glasgow at 11:00 on 29 October 2026.
| Number | Item |
|---|---|
| 1 | Minutes of Council meeting of 10th September 2026. (Print 4, pages 1 to 43) View Papers |
| 2 | Committees' minutes - Submitted for information and approval as a correct record only (page 44 onwards). View Papers |
| 3 | Changes to committees. |
| 4 | Representation on outside bodies. |
| 5 | Correspondence. |
| (a) | Letter from Deputy First Minister and Cabinet Secretary for Finance and Local Government. View Papers |
| 6 | Questions. View Papers |
| 7 | Notice of Motions. |
| (a) | Motion by Councillor Angus Millar:- "Council welcomes the recent commitment by First Minister John Swinney that the Scottish Government will bring Scotland’s bus network back into public control, through franchising and regulation, by the end of the current parliamentary term. Council notes that at the most recent Glasgow City Council elections in 2022, 83 out of 85 councillors elected stood on manifesto commitments supporting the exploration of bus franchising for Glasgow. Council recalls its subsequent approval of the 2022 Bus Governance Route Map, which formally adopted this position as Council policy. Council believes that franchising presents significant opportunities to improve bus services in the city - for example through tackling network gaps to connect more parts of Glasgow, addressing frequency issues, and ensuring greater affordability. Council further believes that this can build on existing progress to date, including the extension of concessionary travel to more people across Scotland and the recent roll-out of the £2 fare cap across Greater Glasgow. Council welcomes the ongoing work being undertaken by SPT as part of its Regional Bus Strategy to advance a Franchising Assessment and framework for Glasgow and the wider Region. Council calls on the Scottish Government to support this process as a priority and to set out an accelerated pathway with financial support to enable franchising in Greater Glasgow to be taken forward as an early deliverable of its national rollout. Council further welcomes ongoing partnership working via the Glasgow City Region Bus Partnership to take forward improvements to bus services, and recognises the vital role of bus operators in securing a successful bus network for Glasgow. Council notes that bus operators will be integral to any franchising system and to delivering on set aims and outcomes. Council further supports the exploration of a publicly run bus operator as part of a future franchising system, but notes that any municipal or regional operator would require significant business case development and national financial support. Council therefore requests that the City Convener for Climate, Transport and City Centre Recovery write to the Scottish Government to confirm Glasgow’s support for franchising and to commit the Council to work with the Scottish Government to deliver improvements for Glasgow’s buses" |
| (b) | Motion by Councillor Rashid Hussain:- Council highlights the recent comments by Jo Farrell, who has called on the Scottish Government to provide additional funding to enable the recruitment of at least 350 new police officers, citing increasing pressures on policing and growing demands across frontline services. Council notes that Police Scotland currently has approximately 16,400 officers, compared with more than 17,200 a decade ago, and acknowledges concerns expressed by Police Scotland that frontline policing resources have become increasingly "reactive rather than proactive". Council recognises the vital role that visible neighbourhood policing plays in preventing crime, tackling antisocial behaviour, supporting victims, reassuring local communities and maintaining public confidence in policing. Council notes with concern that communities across Glasgow continue to raise issues relating to antisocial behaviour, public disorder, road safety, drug-related offending and other community safety concerns, and believes that effective community policing remains one of the most important tools available to address these challenges before they escalate. Council further notes that while the SNP Administration in Glasgow frequently cites community safety as a key priority, the SNP Government in Edinburgh is now being told by Scotland's most senior police officer that further investment is required to deliver the neighbourhood policing that communities expect. Council believes that this disconnect between rhetoric and reality raises legitimate concerns regarding the long-term sustainability of community policing and the resources available to keep communities safe. Council expresses concern that, despite repeated assurances from the SNP Scottish Government regarding police funding, the Chief Constable has publicly stated that additional investment is required to recruit a further 350 officers and strengthen frontline policing capacity. Council believes that Glasgow residents deserve a police service that is adequately resourced to prevent crime and antisocial behaviour rather than one increasingly forced to respond after problems have already occurred. Council therefore: 1. Supports the call by Jo Farrell for additional investment to increase police officer numbers and strengthen frontline policing capacity. 2. Calls upon the SNP Scottish Government to engage urgently with Police Scotland and the Scottish Police Authority to provide the resources necessary to recruit additional officers and support community policing. 3. Calls upon the Scottish Government to bring forward a sustainable long-term workforce plan aimed at increasing officer numbers and restoring proactive neighbourhood policing. 4. Agrees that Glasgow residents deserve a visible and accessible police presence within local communities and that community policing should be prioritised as a cornerstone of public safety. 5. Instructs the Chief Executive to write to the Cabinet Secretary for Justice and Home Affairs, the Chair of the Scottish Police Authority and Jo Farrell setting out Council's support for increased investment in policing and seeking assurances that Glasgow communities will benefit from any future increase in officer numbers. |
| (c) | Motion by Councillor Jon Molyneux:- "Council notes the central focus of Public Service Reform to the Scottish Government’s current programme and that this includes proposals to radically reorganise local government in Scotland. Council notes that change of this nature and magnitude was not specifically included in the SNP manifesto nor signalled during the Scottish Parliament election campaign. Council also notes the widespread concern over the extremely limited three-month engagement period announced by the Government, and that this is Government-led, not developed collaboratively with local government. Concerns have also been raised by community councils about their being an afterthought in this process. Council believes the Government must reconsider its approach to engagement if proposed changes are to have legitimacy. Council understands there will be different views on aspects of the initial proposals shared by the Scottish Government, nevertheless believes this is an important discussion to have. Council believes it is important that it engages with the current conversation and is able to advocate confidently for an outcome that is in the best interests of our citizens. Council notes that any structural changes are likely to have a significant impact on our workforce, and resolves to keep staff informed of the Council’s position, particularly given the ongoing uncertainties for many staff regarding the new pay and grading structure. Council therefore agrees the following principles to frame and direct its engagement with local and national partners:- • Reform should be focused on improving outcomes and empowering local government so it is better able to respond to local needs. It should not be driven by cost-cutting. Local Government has been and continues to be disproportionately under-funded by the Scottish Government. The Government is deeply misguided if it thinks there are significant savings to be made from local government reorganisation. • There is a need to rebuild trust in politics and to improve democratic accountability; people need to feel closer to and better able to influence decisions that affect them. • Reorganisation of authority areas should emerge from public consent, not be imposed. It should reinforce people’s sense of connection and place, not confuse it. • Reorganisation should not add unnecessary complexity or cost to how services are organised and delivered, especially in dense urban areas where this may lead to perceived unfairness. • Because of the above, there is a strong case to not split Glasgow into smaller administrative units. Council notes that in Nordic countries, which have two-tier systems similar to the approach the Scottish Government is proposing, the main cities are largely kept as extant wholes. • The suggestion that councillors will have dual community and regional roles, while the numbers of councillors is unchanged, is deeply flawed and risks exacerbating disparities in terms of representation. Glasgow currently has the smallest number of councillors per head of population in Scotland. This approach also risks muddied democratic accountability and may make it harder to attract candidates to stand for local elections. • Fiscal empowerment is the most important reform needed and this must be done alongside if not before any structural reform. In a regional context, this must address the financial disadvantage that Glasgow still experiences as a result of previous reorganisation. Council believes local and regional governments need a broad ability to raise revenue in ways that are relevant for their areas, and that this should be underpinned by a power of general competence. • There are powers and areas of responsibility which currently sit with national governments and/or agencies which can be better delivered at local or regional levels, including aspects of transport, skills, economic development, and environmental quality, and, where it will lead to better outcomes, the further devolution of these should be pursued. This can include devolving powers currently reserved to Westminster directly to local or regional authorities. • Conversely, there are proposals to remove responsibilities, most notably over social care, from local control. Council believes this is likely to make those services less accountable and will cause unnecessary disruption to services which are under extreme financial pressure, without doing anything to address the cause of that pressure. Council notes that the issue of delayed discharge is frequently cited as the Government’s rationale for doing this, however whilst agreeing this is an important issue, Council believes that using this as a reason for massive structural change is disproportionate, will not address the underlying issues, and risks damaging other vital social work services. • Workers and communities need to be central to these discussions and not treated as an afterthought. We will ensure their voices are heard in any discussions that could affect Glasgow. • We recognise and support the principles of the European Charter on Local Self-Government, which is now embedded in Scots law, and this must be upheld at all stages of the reform process. Council agrees to write to the First Minister, the Prime Minister and CoSLA in these terms and to use these principles as its basis for further engagement. Council agrees to bring regular updates to the Public Service Reform and Financial Strategy Political Oversight Group as well as to relevant committees as appropriate.” |
| (d) | Motion by Bailie Leodhas Massie:- “Council welcomes the new measures within the Employment Rights Act 2025 that have already come into effect. Council acknowledges the social benefits of reductions of restrictions around industrial action, improvements in parental leaves, sick pay, whistleblowing protections, time limits for employment tribunal amongst many other changes. Council also welcomes the changes due to come into effect over the next few months, such as improvements in rights around harassment, trade union access and recognition, extended time limits for breach of contract claims and reduction in time requirements for unfair dismissal. Council particularly welcomes the new provisions around ‘fire and rehire’. Council agrees that dismissing an entire workforce only to rehire staff on worse terms and conditions is a draconian practice and celebrates that from January 2027 this practice will be heavily restricted. Council acknowledges that employment methods such as ‘fire and rehire’ even as a threat or negotiation tactic is a traumatic measure to inflict upon a workforce, can significantly damage morale, significantly decrease productivity and substantially damage an employer’s reputation with both its staff and the wider public.” |
| (e) | Motion by Councillor Laura Doherty:- Council recognises Glasgow's proud tradition of environmental stewardship and neighbourhood activism, demonstrated by volunteers, schools, housing associations, businesses and community organisations working to improve local environments across the city. Council acknowledges the success of initiatives including litter-picking hubs, school litter leagues, river and greenspace clean-ups and community-led environmental projects in areas such as Tollcross, Pollok, Cardonald, Penilee and communities across all twenty-three wards. Council places on record its thanks to the thousands of volunteers, schools, community groups, housing associations, businesses and environmental organisations whose efforts help make Glasgow a cleaner and more welcoming city; in particular volunteers led by Donna Foote at Greater Pollok Services, and Keiran McGregor and his team of volunteers who have recovered almost 200 shopping trolleys from their local river after embarking on a 100-day clean-up challenge. Council further acknowledges the substantial investment being made by the SNP City Government to improve the cleanliness of Glasgow through:- • The £7 million expansion of frontline cleansing services; • The recruitment of 150 additional street cleansing staff and 50 additional parks operatives; • The doubling of night-shift power-washing and mechanical sweeping capacity; • The ongoing work of Deep Clean Teams operating across every ward annually; • Enforcement activity targeting littering, fly-tipping and environmental crime; and • Partnership working with local communities, businesses and schools. Council recognises that while sustained investment in frontline services is essential, lasting improvement also requires personal responsibility, community participation and behavioural change, and that littering and fly-tipping impose significant social, environmental and financial costs on Glasgow's neighbourhoods. Council believes that the conclusion of the Clean Glasgow 2021-2026 Litter Prevention Action Plan presents an opportunity to renew Glasgow's commitment to a cleaner, greener city through a new generation of community-led action combining education, prevention, enforcement and civic pride. Council therefore resolves: 1. To support the development of a pilot "Glasgow Community Litter Initiative" and “Citywide Schools Litter League”, or similarly branded citywide community clean-up challenge, bringing together residents, community councils, tenant and resident groups, schools, youth organisations, housing associations, businesses and environmental charities in a friendly annual competition between neighbourhoods and wards. 2. To request Officers explore opportunities for delivery through partnership working with community organisations, sponsors, housing associations, schools, environmental organisations and other relevant stakeholders, ensuring participation is accessible, inclusive and representative of communities across Glasgow. 3. To consider awards recognising: • Most Litter Collected; • Largest Volunteer Team; • Best Community Spirit; • Most Improved Neighbourhood; • Young Community Champions; • Most Unusual Item Recovered; • Best School Participation; • Best Community Partnership; and • Outstanding Community Volunteer. 4. To ensure that any such initiative complements existing cleansing operations and contributes to the successor arrangements for the Clean Glasgow Action Plan beyond 2026. 5. To instruct Officers to commence the co-design of a new five-year Glasgow Litter Prevention Action Plan 2027-2032, building upon the achievements of the Clean Glasgow 2021-2026 Litter Prevention Action Plan and aligned with the objectives of the Resource and Recycling Strategy 2020-2030. 6. To agree that the development of the 2027-2032 Plan should be guided by the following principles: • Community empowerment and local ownership; • Shared responsibility between public services, businesses and residents; • Prevention, education and early intervention; • Youth participation and leadership; • Place-based solutions reflecting local needs; • Evidence-led decision-making; and • Clear outcomes and public accountability. 7. To agree that the Action Plan should be co-designed with community groups, schools, youth organisations, housing associations, businesses, environmental charities, disabled people's organisations, community councils, volunteer networks and other stakeholders through a structured programme of engagement and participation. 8. To request that Officers bring forward: • A Community Litter Initiative engagement framework and “Citywide Schools Litter League” Before the end of this Council term; • Ward-level and citywide engagement activity during late 2026 and early 2027; • A draft Glasgow Litter Prevention Action Plan 2027-2032 and implementation framework to the Environment Committee no later than 02 February 2027; • A final Action Plan for approval thereafter; and • Annual progress reports to the Environment Committee throughout the lifetime of the strategy. 9. To request Officers report on how the renewed strategy can further strengthen public education, behavioural change, volunteering, community engagement and environmental enforcement in support of the Resource and Recycling Strategy 2020-2030. 10. To launch a renewed citywide call to action encouraging every Glaswegian to: • Dispose of waste responsibly; • Recycle correctly and reduce waste; • Respect public spaces and local waterways; • Report fly-tipping and environmental crime; • Support community clean-ups and litter-picking initiatives; and • Take pride in their neighbourhood. Council reaffirms the ambition for Glasgow to become one of Europe's cleanest, greenest and most environmentally responsible cities, recognising that this will be achieved through a partnership between strong public services, active communities and residents who take pride in the places they live. Council further calls upon every resident, business, institution and organisation in Glasgow to join a renewed civic movement for cleaner neighbourhoods, recognising that while the Council will continue to invest in frontline services, environmental enforcement and public education, creating a cleaner city ultimately depends upon all of us playing our part. Council believes that by combining sustained investment, effective enforcement, community leadership and personal responsibility, Glasgow can become the cleanest major city in the United Kingdom and a model of civic pride, environmental stewardship and community action for cities across Europe. |
| (f) | Motion by Councillor Saqib Ahmed:- Council notes recent national reporting concerning a disabled student who communicates and spells by blinking and who was reportedly denied the opportunity to sit an examination despite demonstrating an ability to communicate and learn. Council recognises that access to education and qualifications can have a profound impact on a young person's future educational attainment, employment prospects, independence and quality of life. Council believes that talent, ambition and potential are not determined by disability and that every learner should have the opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge, skills and abilities through assessment arrangements that take account of their individual needs and circumstances. Council further recognises that disabled people continue to face barriers across education, employment and wider society and believes that public bodies have a responsibility not only to comply with their legal duties under equality legislation but also to actively promote inclusion, accessibility and equal opportunity. Council highlights the work of Goodwill International, which states that it is led by lived experience and works to empower disabled people across Scotland and Pakistan, and acknowledges the valuable contribution made by disability-led organisations in championing inclusion and challenging barriers faced by disabled people and their families. Council acknowledges that raising educational attainment and reducing inequality remain core priorities for Glasgow and believes that disabled learners must be fully included within that ambition. Council is concerned that the experience highlighted by this case demonstrates that significant barriers can still exist for some disabled learners seeking to access qualifications and educational opportunities and believes that such barriers should be identified and removed wherever possible. Council therefore: 1. Reaffirms its commitment to Glasgow being an inclusive city in which disabled people are valued, respected and empowered to participate fully in education, employment and community life. 2. Agrees that no learner should be disadvantaged in accessing qualifications because of disability, communication method or support needs. 3. Requests that the Executive Director of Education provide a report to a future meeting of the City Administration Committee outlining: the support currently available for pupils with complex communication needs; - arrangements in place to facilitate accessible assessments and examinations; - engagement undertaken with pupils, families and advocacy organisations regarding accessibility; - any barriers identified within current systems; and - opportunities for further improvement. 4. Encourages continued engagement between Glasgow City Council, schools, disability organisations, learners and families to promote best practice in inclusive education. 5. Agrees that Glasgow should continue striving to remove barriers to achievement so that every young person has the opportunity to fulfil their potential. |
| (g) | Motion by Bailie Anthony Carroll:- "Council notes with concern the increase of data centres for AI use across Scotland. Council notes environmental concerns with their operations such as intense water and electricity use, leading to issues of strategically planning supply of these resources across the country, as well as noise and light pollution. Council further notes that the standby generator systems of such data centres constitute a significant carbon emissions burden in themselves, and require a corresponding level of environmental permitting, which is not being discussed in many applications, nor is the permitting requirement for water extraction plans. Council notes that standby systems do not remain idle and cold but must be test run for minimum periods to ensure readiness, and must continue running at a certain level to ensure immediate response when needed. This contributes a significant level of fuel use and emissions to the air quality and climate impact of the installations as well as noise burden on the environment. Council believes that the Scottish Environment Protection Agency should therefore be an early consultee before such major developments ever reach the planning application stage. Council notes that if all 24 applications live in the country were approved, it would require 6,000 Megawatts, or 150% of Scotland’s electricity supply use at peak times to function. Council believes that the environmental and resources impact, on atmospheric emissions, water extraction and discharge, and additional power requirements for normal running, as well as standby generation, constitute an unacceptable burden on the resources of the country, which will be passed on to the public in the form of utilities shortages and increased bills. Given widespread community concerns for the implications AI Data Centres will have, Council supports calls for a national moratorium, requests the Leader of the Council to write to the First Minister to outline the Council’s position of opposition to any new AI Data Centres, and instructs officers to investigate whether such a moratorium can be competently reflected in the City Development Plan 2.” |
| (h) | Motion by Bailie Roza Salih:- Council recognises that breastfeeding is one of the most effective and cost-effective public health interventions available, delivering significant benefits for babies, mothers, families and public services through improved health outcomes, reduced illness, enhanced wellbeing and the prevention of future health inequalities. Council further recognises it unanimously passed an SNP motion in February 2012 agreeing “to do all in its power, through Council departments and ALEOs, to promote and support breastfeeding and the principles of the UNICEF Baby Friendly Initiative.” Council welcomes the publication of Scotland's latest infant feeding statistics, which demonstrate that Scotland has achieved the highest breastfeeding rates ever recorded, with 69% of babies receiving breast milk at some point following birth. Council further notes that, for the first time since records began, more babies are receiving breast milk than are exclusively formula fed at the 6-8 week review, and that progress has been particularly strong amongst younger mothers and families living in more deprived communities, contributing to the reduction of health inequalities. Council welcomes the continuing commitment of the Scottish Government to improving maternal and infant health through investment in breastfeeding support services, support for UNICEF Baby Friendly standards, implementation of the Breastfeeding etc. (Scotland) Act 2005, and wider preventative policy programmes including Best Start, Bright Futures and Whole Family Wellbeing. Council further notes the positive findings contained within the HSCP Performance Report Q1-2, 2026-27, including: Exclusive breastfeeding at 6-8 weeks achieving 35.3%, exceeding the city target of 33.0%; Exclusive breastfeeding in Glasgow's 15% most deprived communities achieving 29.0%, significantly above the target of 24.4%; Sustained reductions in breastfeeding drop-off rates from 32.3% in 2017/18 to 18.8% currently; and Evidence of improving outcomes in communities experiencing the highest levels of deprivation. Council believes these outcomes represent an important public health success and provide clear evidence that preventative investment in children and families can deliver meaningful long-term benefits. Council recognises and commends the contribution of the Glasgow City Health and Social Care Partnership, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow Life the Breastfeeding Network, health visitors, infant feeding advisers, peer supporters, community organisations, volunteers and families themselves in helping improve breastfeeding outcomes across the city. Council further welcomes: • The ongoing programme of Infant Feeding Support Groups operating across Glasgow's libraries and community venues; • The participation of Glasgow Life venues and a growing number of organisations across the city in the national Breastfeeding Friendly Scotland Scheme; • The public engagement and awareness generated through The Milky Way exhibition at the Gallery of Modern Art; • The development of proposals for ‘Mother Glasgow’ a public breastfeeding-themed sculpture; and • The opportunity these initiatives provide to normalise breastfeeding, celebrate family life and promote public understanding of the importance of infant feeding support. Council welcomes the Breastfeeding and Infant Feeding Strategic Framework 2025–2030: sets out Scotland's more recent national approach to supporting breastfeeding and reducing inequalities. Council requests that interventions are made to support breastfeeding in public places, early learning, and workplaces. Council acknowledges that, despite significant progress, disparities remain between localities and communities, and that further work is required to ensure that all mothers and families are able to access the support they need regardless of where they live. Council therefore agrees: • To reaffirm its commitment to reducing health inequalities through support for children and families in the earliest years of life. • To support the development of the proposed breastfeeding-themed sculpture as a lasting civic statement celebrating maternal and infant health and Glasgow's commitment to being a city where breastfeeding is welcomed and supported. • To request that relevant Officers work with the Glasgow City Health and Social Care Partnership, NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow Life and community partners to use the sculpture and associated engagement activity to promote breastfeeding rights, local support services and participation in the national Breastfeeding Friendly Scotland Scheme. • To request a report to the appropriate committee within 12 months outlining progress in breastfeeding outcomes across Glasgow and further opportunities to reduce inequalities and support breastfeeding-friendly environments across the city. |
| (i) | Motion by Bailie Martha Wardrop:- Council notes the ongoing debate around housing pressures in the city. Historically, Glasgow has had one of the highest homelessness rates in Scotland. The council struggled to meet its legal duty to provide temporary accommodation prior to the pandemic. Council notes that in 2018-2020, Shelter Scotland took the Council to court for systemic failures in providing temporary accommodation. The Scottish Housing Regulator intervened in 2020 because the council was breaching homelessness law on a large scale. Council recognises that when people are in the asylum process, they do not choose where they live. If they are housed in hotels and bed and breakfasts, they are often isolated from local communities, making it harder to make social connections. Council rejects the false narratives about the housing crisis peddled by those who wish to create division in communities. Council considers that the root causes of the current challenges are rising rents, long-term under-investment, and reduced number of social homes. The shortfall in new homes, including appropriate temporary housing, has led to an almost exclusive reliance on unsuitable hotel and bed and breakfast accommodation, from which a small number of people make huge profits. Council is concerned that ‘solutions’ put forward by some city politicians are essentially trying to create a race to the bottom. Commentary on local connection rules is often ill-informed and misguided. Similarly, suggesting that Glasgow could address its homelessness pressures by housing people in long-term vacant homes across the wider city region is poorly thought-through and driven by financial considerations not human welfare or community cohesion. Council believes that our response to homelessness must be humane, dignified and rooted in the need to address people’s wider welfare and to resist division in our communities. Council believes this needs the Council and both UK and Scottish Governments to work together and to prioritise such a response, which should include support with and funding of the following actions:- • Remove asylum seeker housing and support contracts from private providers and support their delivery by Glasgow City Council, working with civic society partners. • Equalise the rights of homeless people by levelling-up in England, Wales and Northern Ireland, rather than removing rights in Scotland. • Build an equitable framework where funding seamlessly tracks individuals based on their objective housing need which is completely independent of administrative residency requirements. This is a cross-border, demand-responsive funding methodology tailored to eliminate local connection bottlenecks. • Provide additional emergency funding to meet immediate pressures within the system and enable accelerated progress on actions within the Temporary Accommodation strategy to reduce reliance on hotel and bed and breakfast accommodation. • Ensure clear community cohesion strategies are developed, delivered and financially supported at both national and local levels. • Develop training and support for housing providers and other key partners to support community cohesion and rebut disinformation, including requesting that Police Scotland maintain proactive neighbourhood engagement, and multi-agency intelligence-led partnership working. • Improve understanding about the needs and aspirations of asylum seekers living in Glasgow. • Monitor changes in the asylum seeker population and in asylum policy across the UK. • Link with other local authority areas to support asylum seekers and bring organisations together to develop a more integrated approach to supporting asylum seekers across the UK. • In collaboration with other agencies, promote positive attitudes towards asylum seekers and refugees through education, training, and projects promoting cultural awareness and challenging media myths and stereotypes. • Contribute to the management of the transition from asylum seeker to refugee status by developing projects and services that support this process. • For Glasgow City Council to formally join the UK Sanctuary Cities network and embed the above actions and others in a framework that prioritises human welfare and community cohesion.” |